Millions of people around the world have weakened immune systems, which means their bodies may not fight infections as well as they should. This can happen due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, diabetes, lupus, cancer, or after a bone marrow or organ transplant. Sometimes treatments like chemotherapy or corticosteroids can also temporarily lower the immune system’s strength. 

If you or someone you know is immunocompromised, here are some helpful tips to stay safe and healthy: 

• Stay away from certain animals: Reptiles, amphibians, and farm animals can carry infections that might be harmful to people with weakened immune systems. 

• Be cautious with pet faeces: Pet poop can contain parasites like Toxoplasma and crypto, which are more dangerous for immunocompromised individuals. Always wash your hands after handling pets or cleaning up after them. 

• Fruits and veggies are great for your health, but they can sometimes contain harmful germs. Be sure to wash them under running water before eating, peel fruits when possible, and scrub hard-skin items like potatoes. Don’t soak foods in the sink, as this can spread bacteria. • Avoid swallowing water while swimming: Whether you’re swimming in a pool, lake, river, or ocean, don’t swallow the water and be careful when drinking from springs or private wells. 

• Quit smoking: Smoking can weaken your immune system and increase your risk of infections and other health problems. 

• Be careful with raw foods: Avoid raw fish, undercooked meats, soft cheeses (like brie and camembert), raw or undercooked eggs, bloody burgers, deli meats, and self-serve buffets or salad bars. 

• Protect yourself from mosquitoes and ticks: Use insect repellent when outdoors, wear protective clothing and avoid wooded or brushy areas. Always check for ticks when you come back indoors. 

• Wear gloves when gardening: Soil can contain bacteria and mold that may lead to infections. Wear gardening gloves to avoid cuts and scrapes that allow germs to enter your body. 

• Get vaccinated: While “live” vaccines (with weakened viruses) should generally be avoided, “inactivated” vaccines (like flu and pneumonia shots) are safe and important for protecting against infections. 

• Protect yourself from COVID-19: If you are immunocompromised, you are at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19. Get vaccinated (including boosters), take medications to protect your immune system, wear a high-quality mask in public spaces, and try to avoid crowded indoor events. Being immunocompromised doesn’t mean you can’t live a full life, but it is important to take a little extra care to protect yourself from infections. 

By following these simple tips, you can stay safe and healthy. 

29 January 2025 

Air Physician 

Director of Air Rescue Service 

General Secretary of FEMERAID International